Convention establishing the Square Kilometre Array Observatory

Party

France added

• Ratification: 05-05-2026 (A)
• Entry into force: 04-06-2026
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

Party

Sweden modified

• Ratification: 09-07-2025 (R)
• Entry into force: 08-08-2025

Party

Sweden added

• Signature: 21-01-2025
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

Party

Germany added

• Ratification: 02-10-2024 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-11-2024
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

Party

Spain modified

• Ratification: 29-07-2024 (A)
• Entry into force: 28-08-2024
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes

• added reservation
  Date unknown
  Under Article 6.2 “The Council may decide, by unanimous vote, to admit new Members into the SKAO in accordance with this Convention and on such terms as it determines.” In accordance with the terms of Spain’s admission, its PA of the Convention took effect from 30 June 2023.

  added reservation
  Date unknown
  Declarations made upon accession [translations] The Kingdom of Spain considers that in Article 2(d) of Annex A of the Convention, the expression "a member of its staff" includes both SKAO staff and the Director General. The Kingdom of Spain considers that the inviolability of the SKAO premises, as provided for in Article 3.1 of Annex A of the Convention, shall be enforced in accordance with the legislation applicable in the State in which said premises are located. The Kingdom of Spain declares that the exempt income provided for in Article 7.1(e) of Annex A of the Convention will be taken into account in calculating their personnel's income tax applicable to the rest of the income obtained - exemption with progressivity -, as well as in determining the taxpayer's obligation to declare.

Party

India modified

• Ratification: 04-06-2024 (R)
• Entry into force: 04-07-2024

Party

India added

• Signature: 28-03-2024
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

Party

Canada modified

• Reservations / Declarations: Yes

• added reservation
  15-03-2024
  …to inform the FCDO...with regard to Annex A (Protocol on Privileges and Immunities) of the Convention, of Canada's decision to exercise the option to not extend the privileges and immunities referred to in in Article 7, paragraph 1 (b), (c), (e), (f) and (g), and Article 8, paragraph 1 (c), of that Annex to its own nationals or permanent residents as provided for in Article 7, paragraph 2, and Article 8, paragraph 3, of that Annex.

Party

Canada added

• Ratification: 15-03-2024 (A)
• Entry into force: 14-04-2024
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

General information

• Entry into force: 15-01-2021

Kingdom part

Netherlands (in Europe)

• Entry into force: 15-01-2021

Party

Australia

• Signature: 12-03-2019
• Ratification: 28-09-2020 (R)
• Entry into force: 15-01-2021

China

• Signature: 12-03-2019
• Ratification: 27-05-2021 (R)
• Entry into force: 26-06-2021

Italy

• Signature: 12-03-2019
• Ratification: 30-11-2020 (R)
• Entry into force: 15-01-2021

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the

• Signature: 12-03-2019
• Ratification: 31-07-2019 (R)
• Entry into force: 15-01-2021

Portugal

• Signature: 12-03-2019
• Ratification: 26-01-2021 (R)
• Entry into force: 25-02-2021

South Africa

• Signature: 12-03-2019
• Ratification: 29-05-2020 (R)
• Entry into force: 15-01-2021

Spain

• Provisional application: 30-06-2023

United Kingdom

• Signature: 12-03-2019
• Ratification: 16-12-2020 (R)
• Entry into force: 15-01-2021

Switzerland

• Ratification: 20-12-2021 (A)
• Entry into force: 19-01-2022
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  20-12-2021
  Switzerland declares that it will use the option not to extend the privileges and immunities to its own nationals or permanent residents as provided for in Article 7 paragraph 2 and Article 8 paragraph 3 of Annex A “Protocol on Privileges and Immunities of the Square Kilometre Array Observatory” of the Convention.