General information
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Kingdom part
Netherlands (in Europe)
- Entry into force: 23-09-2005
Netherlands (Bonaire)
- Entry into force: 10-10-2010
Netherlands (Sint Eustatius)
- Entry into force: 10-10-2010
Netherlands (Saba)
- Entry into force: 10-10-2010
Aruba
- Entry into force: 17-10-2006
Curaçao
- Entry into force: 20-09-2022
Party
Afghanistan
- Ratification: 19-09-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 19-10-2002
Albania
- Ratification: 05-02-2008 (A)
- Entry into force: 05-03-2008
Algeria
- Ratification: 27-12-2006 (A)
- Entry into force: 27-01-2007
Andorra
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 30-04-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Angola
- Ratification: 24-03-2005 (A)
- Entry into force: 24-04-2005
Antigua and Barbuda
- Signature: 18-12-2001
- Ratification: 30-04-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 30-05-2002
Armenia
- Signature: 24-09-2003
- Ratification: 30-06-2005 (R)
- Entry into force: 30-07-2005
Australia
- Signature: 18-12-2001
- Ratification: 08-01-2007 (R)
- Entry into force: 08-02-2007
Austria
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 06-05-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 06-06-2004
Azerbaijan
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 03-07-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 03-08-2002
Bahamas
- Ratification: 28-09-2015 (A)
- Entry into force: 28-10-2015
Bahrain
- Ratification: 21-09-2004 (A)
- Entry into force: 21-10-2004
Bangladesh
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 06-09-2000 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Belize
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 01-12-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 01-01-2004
Benin
- Signature: 22-02-2001
- Ratification: 31-01-2005 (R)
- Entry into force: 28-02-2005
Bhutan
- Signature: 15-09-2005
- Ratification: 26-10-2009 (R)
- Entry into force: 26-11-2009
Bolivia
- Signature: 10-11-2001
- Ratification: 03-06-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 03-07-2003
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 04-09-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 04-10-2002
Botswana
- Ratification: 24-09-2003 (A)
- Entry into force: 24-10-2003
Brazil
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 27-01-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 27-02-2004
Brunei
- Ratification: 21-11-2006 (A)
- Entry into force: 21-12-2006
Bulgaria
- Signature: 08-06-2001
- Ratification: 12-02-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 12-03-2002
Burkina Faso
- Signature: 16-11-2001
- Ratification: 31-03-2006 (R)
- Entry into force: 30-04-2006
Burundi
- Ratification: 06-11-2007 (A)
- Entry into force: 06-12-2007
Cambodia
- Signature: 27-06-2000
- Ratification: 30-05-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 30-06-2002
Cameroon
Canada
- Signature: 10-11-2001
- Ratification: 14-09-2005 (R)
- Entry into force: 14-10-2005
Cape Verde
- Ratification: 10-05-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 10-06-2002
Central African Republic
- Signature: 27-09-2010
- Ratification: 24-10-2012 (R)
- Entry into force: 24-11-2012
Chad
- Signature: 03-05-2002
- Ratification: 28-08-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 28-09-2002
Chile
- Signature: 28-06-2000
- Ratification: 06-02-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 06-03-2003
Comoros
- Ratification: 23-02-2007 (A)
- Entry into force: 23-03-2007
Costa Rica
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 09-04-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 09-05-2002
Côte d'Ivoire
- Ratification: 19-09-2011 (A)
- Entry into force: 19-10-2011
Croatia
- Signature: 08-05-2002
- Ratification: 13-05-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 13-06-2002
Cuba
- Signature: 13-10-2000
- Ratification: 25-09-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Cyprus
- Signature: 08-02-2001
- Ratification: 06-04-2006 (R)
- Entry into force: 06-05-2006
Czech Republic
- Signature: 26-01-2005
- Ratification: 26-08-2013 (R)
- Entry into force: 26-09-2013
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- Signature: 09-09-2014
- Ratification: 10-11-2014 (R)
- Entry into force: 10-12-2014
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ratification: 11-11-2001 (A)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Djibouti
- Signature: 14-06-2006
- Ratification: 27-04-2011 (R)
- Entry into force: 27-05-2011
Dominica
- Ratification: 20-09-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 20-10-2002
Dominican Republic
- Ratification: 06-12-2006 (A)
- Entry into force: 06-01-2007
Ecuador
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 30-01-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 29-02-2004
Egypt
- Ratification: 12-07-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 12-08-2002
Equatorial Guinea
- Ratification: 07-02-2003 (A)
- Entry into force: 07-03-2003
Eritrea
- Ratification: 16-02-2005 (A)
- Entry into force: 16-03-2005
Estonia
- Signature: 24-09-2003
- Ratification: 03-08-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 03-09-2004
Eswatini
- Ratification: 24-09-2012 (A)
- Entry into force: 24-10-2012
Ethiopia
- Ratification: 25-03-2014 (A)
- Entry into force: 25-04-2014
Federated States of Micronesia
- Signature: 08-05-2002
- Ratification: 23-04-2012 (R)
- Entry into force: 23-05-2012
Fiji
- Signature: 16-09-2005
- Ratification: 09-03-2021 (R)
- Entry into force: 09-04-2021
Finland
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 01-06-2012 (R)
- Entry into force: 01-07-2012
France
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 05-02-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 05-03-2003
Gabon
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 01-10-2007 (R)
- Entry into force: 01-11-2007
Gambia, The
- Signature: 21-12-2000
- Ratification: 08-04-2010 (R)
- Entry into force: 08-05-2010
Georgia
- Ratification: 28-06-2005 (A)
- Entry into force: 28-07-2005
Germany
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 15-07-2009 (R)
- Entry into force: 15-08-2009
Ghana
Greece
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 22-02-2008 (R)
- Entry into force: 22-03-2008
Grenada
- Ratification: 06-02-2012 (A)
- Entry into force: 06-03-2012
Guatemala
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 09-05-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 09-06-2002
Guinea
- Ratification: 16-11-2011 (A)
- Entry into force: 16-12-2011
Guinea-Bissau
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 01-11-2010 (R)
- Entry into force: 01-12-2010
Guyana
- Ratification: 30-07-2010 (A)
- Entry into force: 30-08-2010
Haïti
- Signature: 15-08-2002
- Ratification: 09-09-2014 (R)
- Entry into force: 09-10-2014
Holy See
- Signature: 10-10-2000
- Ratification: 24-10-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Honduras
- Ratification: 08-05-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 08-06-2002
Hungary
- Signature: 11-03-2002
- Ratification: 24-02-2010 (R)
- Entry into force: 24-03-2010
Iceland
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 09-07-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
India
- Signature: 15-11-2004
- Ratification: 16-08-2005 (R)
- Entry into force: 16-09-2005
Indonesia
- Signature: 24-09-2001
- Ratification: 24-09-2012 (R)
- Entry into force: 24-10-2012
Iran
- Ratification: 26-09-2007 (A)
- Entry into force: 26-10-2007
Iraq
- Ratification: 24-06-2008 (A)
- Entry into force: 24-07-2008
Ireland
Italy
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 09-05-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 09-06-2002
Jamaica
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 26-08-2011 (R)
- Entry into force: 26-09-2011
Japan
- Signature: 10-05-2002
- Ratification: 24-01-2005 (R)
- Entry into force: 24-02-2005
Jordan
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 04-12-2006 (R)
- Entry into force: 04-01-2007
Kazakhstan
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 24-08-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
- Ratification: 12-02-2003 (A)
- Entry into force: 12-03-2003
Latvia
- Signature: 01-02-2002
- Ratification: 22-02-2006 (R)
- Entry into force: 22-03-2006
Lebanon
- Signature: 10-10-2001
- Ratification: 08-11-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 08-12-2004
Lesotho
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 24-09-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 24-10-2003
Liberia
Libya
- Ratification: 18-06-2004 (A)
- Entry into force: 18-07-2004
Liechtenstein
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 30-01-2013 (R)
- Entry into force: 28-02-2013
Lithuania
- Ratification: 05-08-2004 (A)
- Entry into force: 05-09-2004
Luxembourg
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 02-09-2011 (R)
- Entry into force: 02-10-2011
Madagascar
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 22-09-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 22-10-2004
Malawi
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 07-10-2009 (R)
- Entry into force: 07-11-2009
Maldives
- Signature: 10-05-2002
- Ratification: 10-05-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 10-06-2002
Mali
- Ratification: 16-05-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 16-06-2002
Malta
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 28-09-2010 (R)
- Entry into force: 28-10-2010
Marshall Islands
- Ratification: 29-01-2019 (A)
- Entry into force: 28-02-2019
Mauritania
- Ratification: 23-04-2007 (A)
- Entry into force: 23-05-2007
Mauritius
- Signature: 11-11-2001
- Ratification: 14-06-2011 (R)
- Entry into force: 14-07-2011
Mexico
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 15-03-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 15-04-2002
Monaco
- Signature: 26-06-2000
- Ratification: 24-09-2008 (R)
- Entry into force: 24-10-2008
Mongolia
- Signature: 12-11-2001
- Ratification: 27-06-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 27-07-2003
Montenegro
- Ratification: 23-10-2006 (Su)
- Entry into force: 03-06-2006
Morocco
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 02-10-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Mozambique
- Ratification: 06-03-2003 (A)
- Entry into force: 06-04-2003
Myanmar
- Ratification: 16-01-2012 (A)
- Entry into force: 16-02-2012
Namibia
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 16-04-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 16-05-2002
Nauru
Nepal
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 20-01-2006 (R)
- Entry into force: 20-02-2006
Netherlands, the Kingdom of the
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 23-08-2005 (R)
- Entry into force: 23-09-2005
Nicaragua
- Ratification: 02-12-2004 (A)
- Entry into force: 02-01-2005
Niger
- Signature: 27-03-2002
- Ratification: 26-10-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 26-11-2004
Nigeria
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 27-09-2010 (R)
- Entry into force: 27-10-2010
North Macedonia
- Signature: 17-07-2001
- Ratification: 17-10-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 17-11-2003
Norway
- Signature: 13-06-2000
- Ratification: 02-10-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Pakistan
- Signature: 26-09-2001
- Ratification: 05-07-2011 (R)
- Entry into force: 05-08-2011
Panama
- Signature: 31-10-2000
- Ratification: 09-02-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Paraguay
- Signature: 13-09-2000
- Ratification: 18-08-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-09-2003
Peru
- Signature: 01-11-2000
- Ratification: 08-05-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 08-06-2002
Philippines
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 28-05-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 28-06-2002
Poland
- Signature: 13-02-2002
- Ratification: 04-02-2005 (R)
- Entry into force: 04-03-2005
Portugal
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 16-05-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 16-06-2003
Republic of the Congo
- Ratification: 27-10-2009 (A)
- Entry into force: 27-11-2009
Romania
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 18-10-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Russian Federation
- Signature: 26-09-2012
- Ratification: 24-09-2013 (R)
- Entry into force: 24-10-2013
Rwanda
- Ratification: 14-03-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 14-04-2002
Saint Lucia
- Signature: 22-09-2011
- Ratification: 08-10-2013 (R)
- Entry into force: 08-11-2013
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Ratification: 15-09-2005 (A)
- Entry into force: 15-10-2005
Samoa
- Ratification: 29-04-2016 (A)
- Entry into force: 29-05-2016
San Marino
- Signature: 05-06-2000
- Ratification: 26-09-2011 (R)
- Entry into force: 26-10-2011
Saudi Arabia
- Ratification: 18-08-2010 (A)
- Entry into force: 18-09-2010
Senegal
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 05-11-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 05-12-2003
Serbia
- Signature: 08-10-2001
- Ratification: 10-10-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 10-11-2002
Seychelles
- Signature: 23-01-2001
- Ratification: 11-12-2012 (R)
- Entry into force: 11-01-2013
Sierra Leone
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 17-09-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Slovakia
- Signature: 30-11-2001
- Ratification: 25-06-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 25-07-2004
Slovenia
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 23-09-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 23-10-2004
Solomon Islands
- Signature: 24-09-2009
- Ratification: 05-05-2022 (R)
- Entry into force: 05-06-2022
South Africa
- Ratification: 30-06-2003 (A)
- Entry into force: 30-07-2003
South Sudan
- Ratification: 27-09-2018 (A)
- Entry into force: 27-10-2018
Spain
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 18-12-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Sri Lanka
- Signature: 08-05-2002
- Ratification: 22-09-2006 (R)
- Entry into force: 22-10-2006
Sudan
- Ratification: 02-11-2004 (A)
- Entry into force: 02-12-2004
Suriname
- Signature: 10-05-2002
- Ratification: 18-05-2012 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-06-2012
Switzerland
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 19-09-2006 (R)
- Entry into force: 19-10-2006
Tajikistan
- Ratification: 05-08-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 05-09-2002
Tanzania
- Ratification: 24-04-2003 (A)
- Entry into force: 24-05-2003
Thailand
- Ratification: 11-01-2006 (A)
- Entry into force: 11-02-2006
Timor-Leste
- Ratification: 16-04-2003 (A)
- Entry into force: 16-05-2003
Togo
- Signature: 15-11-2001
- Ratification: 02-07-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 02-08-2004
Tunisia
- Signature: 22-04-2002
- Ratification: 13-09-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 13-10-2002
Turkmenistan
- Ratification: 28-03-2005 (A)
- Entry into force: 28-04-2005
Uganda
- Ratification: 30-11-2001 (A)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
Ukraine
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 03-07-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 03-08-2003
United Kingdom
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 20-02-2009 (R)
- Entry into force: 20-03-2009
- Alderney
Entry into force: 04-11-2020Guernsey
Entry into force: 04-11-2020Jersey
Entry into force: 29-04-2014
Uruguay
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 03-07-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 03-08-2003
Uzbekistan
- Ratification: 23-12-2008 (A)
- Entry into force: 23-01-2009
Vanuatu
- Signature: 16-09-2005
- Ratification: 17-05-2007 (R)
- Entry into force: 17-06-2007
Venezuela
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 08-05-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 08-06-2002
Yemen
- Ratification: 15-12-2004 (A)
- Entry into force: 15-01-2005
Zambia
Zimbabwe
- Ratification: 14-02-2012 (A)
- Entry into force: 14-03-2012
Argentina
- Signature: 01-04-2002
- Ratification: 25-09-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 25-10-2003
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
25-09-2003
With reference to article 2, the Argentine Republic would prefer a broader definition
of sale of children, as set out in the Inter-American Convention on International
Traffic in Minors which Argentina has ratified and which, in its article 2, expressly
defines traffic as the abduction, removal or retention, or attempted abduction, removal
or retention, of a minor for unlawful purposes or by unlawful means. Therefore, under
article 41 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, this meaning shall continue
to apply. For the same reasons, the Argentine Republic believes that the sale of children
should be criminalized in all cases and not only in those enumerated in article 3,
paragraph 1 (a).
Concerning article 3, the Argentine Republic further states that it has not signed
international instruments on the international adoption of minors, has entered a reservation
in respect of subparagraphs (b), (c), (d) and (e) of article 21 of the Convention
on the Rights of the Child dealing with international adoption, and does not permit
international adoption of children domiciled or resident in its jurisdiction.
Concerning article 7, the Argentine Republic construes the term 'confiscation' (confiscación)
to mean the seizure of goods and proceeds as part of a sentence or penalty (decomisar).*
* Translator's note: The meaning of the Spanish term "decomisar" is not as broad as
the English "seizure". "Decomisar" means "seizure" during the sentencing or penalty
phase only. (Seizure as a preventive measure is rendered with "incautación".)
Belarus
- Ratification: 23-01-2002 (A)
- Entry into force: 23-02-2002
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
23-01-2002
The Republic of Belarus, pursuant to article 3 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention
on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, declares
that voluntary recruitment of citizens into the armed forces of the Republic of Belarus
shall occur upon the attainment by them of 18 years of age.
Admission to a military academy, to which citizens aged 17 years or over, including
those who attain 17 years of age during the year in which they are admitted to such
an academy, are entitled, in accordance with article 43 of the Act of the Republic
of Belarus of 5 November 1992 on Military Obligations and Military Service, shall
constitute an exception to the above. Such admission shall not be forced or coerced.
The legislation of the Republic of Belarus guarantees that entry into military service
as a cadet at a military academy:
Shall be voluntary;
Shall occur with the informed consent of the person's parents or legal guardians;
Shall occur on condition that such persons are fully informed of the duties involved
in military service;
Shall be permitted on condition that such persons provide reliable proof of age prior
to acceptance into military service.
Belgium
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 17-03-2006 (R)
- Entry into force: 17-04-2006
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
17-03-2006
The expression 'child pornography' is understood to mean the visual representation
of a child participating in real or simulated sexual activities or the visual representation
of the sexual parts of a child, when the dominant characteristic is a description
for sexual purposes.
reservation
06-09-2000
This signature is equally binding on the French community, the Flemish community and
the German-speaking community.
China
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 03-12-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 03-01-2003
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
- Macao SAR
Entry into force: 03-01-2003
-
reservation
03-12-2002
1. In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
of the People's Republic of China and as suggested by the Government of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region, the application of the Protocol to the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China requires prior enactment of
domestic legislation by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the Protocol
shall not apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic
of China until the Government of China notifies otherwise;
2. In accordance with the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of
the People's Republic of China and as suggested by the Government of the Macao Special
Administrative Region, the Protocol shall apply to the Macao Special Administrative
Region of the People's Republic of China.
Colombia
- Signature: 06-09-2000
- Ratification: 11-11-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 11-12-2003
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
11-11-2003
Concerning article 7 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Colombia
declares that, in accordance with its domestic legal system, it construes the penalty
of "confiscation" (confiscación) only as seizure or forfeiture during the penalty
phase.
Denmark
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 24-07-2003 (R)
- Entry into force: 24-08-2003
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
24-07-2003
In connection with the deposit of Denmark's instrument of ratification of the Optional
Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child
Prostitution and Child Pornography Denmark declares that she interprets the words
"any representation"in article 2 (c), of the Protocol to mean "any visual representation".
Denmark further declares that the possession of pornographic visual representation
of a person, who has completed his or her fifteenth year and who has consented to
the said possession, shall not be considered covered by the binding provisions of
the Protocol.
With a territorial exclusion in respect of the Faroe Islands and Greenland
reservation
07-10-2016
Withdrawal of declaration relating to the territorial exclusion in respact of the
Faroe Islands and Greenland.
El Salvador
- Signature: 13-09-2002
- Ratification: 17-05-2004 (R)
- Entry into force: 17-06-2004
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
17-05-2004
The Government of the Republic of El Salvador recognizes the extradiction of nationals
on the basis of the second and third clauses of article 28 of the Constitution, which
stipulate that "Extradition will be regulated under international treaties; in cases
involving Salvadorans, extradition will proceed only if the treaty in question expressly
allows it and the treaty has been approved by the respective legislatures of the signatory
countries. In any case, the terms of the treaty must include the principle of reciprocity
and give Salvadorans all the guarantees with respect to trials and penalties that
this Constitution provides. The accused will be extradited if the offence was committed
in the territory of the requesting country, unless the offence is international in
scope, and in no case for political offences, even though common criminal offences
may have occured as a result.
Israel
- Signature: 14-11-2001
- Ratification: 23-07-2008 (R)
- Entry into force: 23-08-2008
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
29-03-2018
The Permanent Mission of Israel to the United Nations presents its compliments to
the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in his capacity as depositary of the
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children,
child prostitution and child pornography, dated 25 May 2000, and has the honor to
refer to the Palestinian request to accede to this Protocol (Reference number C.N.796.2017.TREATIES-IV.11.c).
‘Palestine’ does not satisfy the criteria for statehood under international law and
lacks the legal capacity to join the aforesaid Optional Protocol both under general
international law and the terms of bilateral Israeli-Palestinian agreements.
The Government of Israel does not recognize ‘Palestine’ as a State, and wishes to
place on record, for the sake of clarity, its position that it does not consider ‘Palestine’
a party to the [Protocol] and regards the Palestinian request for accession as being
without legal validity and without effect upon Israel’s treaty relations under the
[Protocol].
Kiribati
Kuwait
Laos
Malaysia
- Ratification: 12-04-2012 (A)
- Entry into force: 12-05-2012
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
12-04-2012
1. The Government of Malaysia declares that the words 'any representation' in article
2 paragraph (c), shall be interpreted to mean 'any visual representation'.
2. The Government of Malaysia understands that article 3 paragraph (1)(a)(ii) of the
said Optional Protocol is applicable only to States Parties to the Convention on Protection
of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, done at the Hague
on 29 May 1993.
Moldova
New Zealand
- Signature: 07-09-2000
- Ratification: 20-09-2011 (R)
- Entry into force: 20-10-2011
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
20-09-2011
[...] declares that, consistent with the constitutional status of Tokelau and taking
into account
the commitment of the Government of New Zealand to the development of self-government
for Tokelau
through an act of self-determination under the Charter of the United Nations, this
ratification shall not
extend to Tokelau unless and until a Declaration to this effect is lodged by the Government
of New
Zealand with the Depositary on the basis of appropriate consultation with that territory;
[...]
Oman
Palestine
- Ratification: 29-12-2017 (A)
- Entry into force: 29-01-2018
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
18-03-2019
The Permanent Observer of the State of Palestine to the United Nations presents his
compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in his capacity as Depositary,
and has the honor to refer to depositary notification C.N.178.2018.TREATIES-IV.11.c,
dated 4 April 2018, conveying a communication of Israel regarding the accession of
the State of Palestine to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of
the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 25 May
2000.
The Government of the State of Palestine regrets the position of Israel and wishes
to recall the United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19 of 29 November 2012
according to which Palestine was accorded a ‘Non-member Observer State status in the
United Nations’. In this regard, Palestine is a State recognized by the United Nations
General Assembly on behalf of the international community.
As a State Party to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child
on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 25 May 2000, which
entered into force on 29 January 2018 for the State of Palestine, the State of Palestine
will exercise its rights and honor its obligations with respect to all States Parties.
The State of Palestine trusts that its rights and obligations will be equally respected
by its fellow States Parties.
reservation
18-03-2019
The Permanent Observer of the State of Palestine to the United Nations presents his
compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in his capacity as Depositary,
and has the honor to refer to depositary notification C.N.192.2018.TREATIES-IV.11.c,
dated 4 April 2018, conveying a communication of the United States of America regarding
the accession of the State of Palestine to the Optional Protocol to the Convention
on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography,
25 May 2000.
The Government of the State of Palestine regrets the position of the United States
of America and wishes to recall the United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19
of 29 November 2012 according to which Palestine was accorded a ‘Non-member Observer
State status in the United Nations’. In this regard, Palestine is a State recognized
by the United Nations General Assembly on behalf of the international community.
As a State Party to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child
on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 25 May 2000, which
entered into force on 29 January 2018 for the State of Palestine, the State of Palestine
will exercise its rights and honor its obligations with respect to all States Parties.
The State of Palestine trusts that its rights and obligations will be equally respected
by its fellow States Parties.
Qatar
Republic of Korea, the
Sweden
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 19-01-2007 (R)
- Entry into force: 19-02-2007
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
19-01-2007
... Sweden interprets the word "any representation" in article 2 c) of the Protocol
as "visual representation".
reservation
08-09-2000
Reference is made to earlier statements submitted by the EU in connection with the
Working group's ad-referendum adoption of the Optional Protocol on 4 February 2000
and the national statement submitted by Sweden at the same occasion as well as the
Swedish statement submitted in connection with the adoption of the Protocol by the
General Assembly on 25 May 2000. Furthermore Sweden interprets the words 'any representation'
in article 2 c) as 'visual representation' .
Syria
- Ratification: 15-05-2003 (A)
- Entry into force: 15-06-2003
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: Yes
-
reservation
15-05-2003
A reservation is entered to the provisions set forth in article 3, paragraph 5, and
article 3, paragraph 1 (a) (ii) of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children,
child prostitution and child pornography, which relate to adoption.
Ratification of the two Optional Protocols by the Syrian Arab Republic shall not in
any event imply recognition of Israel and shall not lead to entry into any dealings
with Israel in the matters governed by the provisions of the Protocols.
objection to reservation
Objections Israel, 30-09-2003
The Government of the State of Israel has noted that the instrument of accesion of
the Syrian Arab Republic to the above mentioned Protocol contains a declaration with
respect to the State of Israel.
The Government of the State of Israel is of the view that the declaration which is
political in its nature, is incompatible with the purposes and objectives of this
Protocol.
The Government of the State of Israel therefore objects to the aforesaid declaration
made by the Syrian Arab Republic to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the
Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography.
Objections Israel, 23-07-2008
The Government of the State of Israel has noted that the instrument of accession of
the Syrian
Arab Republic of the abovementioned Protocol which appears in the Depositary Notification
Ref:
C.N.679.2003.TREATIES-15 of 2 July 2003, contains a declaration with respect to the
State of Israel.
The Government of the State of Israel considers that such declaration, which is explicitly
of a
political nature, is incompatible with the purposes and objectives of the Protocol.
The Government of the State of Israel therefore objects to the aforesaid declaration
made by
the Syrian Arab Republic.
Türkiye
United Arab Emirates
United States of America
- Signature: 05-07-2000
- Ratification: 23-12-2002 (R)
- Entry into force: 23-01-2003
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
29-03-2018
The United States Mission to the United Nations presents its compliments to the Executive
Office of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and refers to the U.N. Secretary-General’s
depositary notification C.N.796.2017.TREATIES-IV.11.c, dated January 2, 2018, regarding
the purported accession by the ‘State of Palestine’ to Optional Protocol to the Convention
on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography,
done at New York May 25, 2000 (the Protocol), for which the Secretary-General of the
United Nations is the depositary.
The Government of the United States of America does not believe the ‘State of Palestine’
qualifies as a sovereign State and does not recognize it as such. Accession to the
Protocol is limited to sovereign States. Therefore, the Government of the United States
of America believes that the ‘State of Palestine’ is not qualified to accede to the
Protocol and affirms that it will not consider itself to be in a treaty relationship
with the ‘State of Palestine’ under the Protocol.
reservation
23-12-2002
To the extent that the domestic law of the United States does not provide for jurisdiction
over an offense described in Article 3 (1) of the Protocol if the offense is committed
on board a ship or aircraft registered in the United States, the obligation with respect
to jurisdiction over that offense shall not apply to the United States until such
time as the United States may notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations that
United States domestic law is in full conformity with the requirements of Article
4 (1) of the Protocol.
The Senate's advice and consent is subject to the following understandings:
(1) NO ASSUMPTION OF OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD.
-The United States understands that the United States assumes no obligations under
the Convention on the Rights of the Child by becoming a party to the Protocol.
(2) THE TERM "CHILD PORNOGRAPHY". The United States understands that the term "sale
of children" as defined in Article 2(a) of the Protocol, is intended to cover any
transaction in which remuneration or other consideration is given and received under
circumstances in which a person who does not have a lawful right to custody of the
child thereby obtains de facto control over the child.
(3) THE TERM "CHILD PORNOGRAPHY". -The United States understands the term "child pornography",
as defined in Article 2(c) of the Protocol, to mean the visual representation of a
child engaged in real or simulated sexual activities or of the genitalia of a child
where the dominant characteristic is depiction for a sexual purpose.
(4) THE TERM "TRANSFER OF ORGANS FOR PROFIT". -The United States understands that-
(A) the term "transfer of organs for profit", as used in Article 3(1)(a)(i) of the
Protocol, does not cover any situation in which a child donates an organ pursuant
to lawful consent; and
(B) the term "profit", as used in Article 3(1)(a)(i) of the Protocol, does not include
the lawful payment of a reasonable amount associated with the transfer of organs,
including any payment for the expense of travel, housing, lost wages, or medical costs.
(5) THE TERMS "APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS" AND "IMPROPERLY INDUCING
CONSENT". -
(A) UNDERSTANDING OF "APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS". -The United States
understands that the term "applicable international legal instruments" in Articles
3 (1) (a) (ii) and 3 (5) of the Protocol refers to the Convention on Protection of
Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption done at The Hague on
May 29, 1993 (in this paragraph referred to as "The Hague Convention").
(B) NO OBLIGATION TO TAKE CERTAIN ACTION. -The United States is not a party to The
Hague Convention, but expects to become a party. Accordingly, until such time as the
United States becomes a party to The Hague Convention, it understands that it is not
obligated to criminalize conduct proscribed by Article 3(1)(a)(ii) of the Protocol
or to take all appropriate legal and administrative measures required by Article 3(5)
of the Protocol.
(C) UNDERSTANDING OF "IMPROPERLY INDUCING CONSENT". -The United States understands
that the term "Improperly inducing consent" in Article 3(1)(a)(ii) of the Protocol
means knowingly and willfully inducing consent by offering or giving compensation
for the relinquishment of parental rights.
(6) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROTOCOL IN THE FEDERAL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. -The
United States understands that the Protocol shall be implemented by the Federal Government
to the extent that it exercises jurisdiction over the matters covered therein, and
otherwise by the State and local governments. To the extent that State and local governments
exercise jurisdiction over such matters, the Federal Government shall as necessary,
take appropriate measures to ensure the fulfillment of the Protocol.
Vietnam
- Signature: 08-09-2000
- Ratification: 20-12-2001 (R)
- Entry into force: 18-01-2002
- Objections: Yes
- Reservations / Declarations: No
-
reservation
20-12-2001
... the Socialist Republic of Vietnam makes its reservation to article 5 (1), (2),
(3), and (4) of the said Protocol.
reservation
26-03-2009
Withdrawal of the following reservation:
"... the Socialist Republic of Vietnam makes its reservation to article 5 (1) (2)
(3) and (4) of the said Protocol."
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