The Antartic Treaty

Party

United Arab Emirates added

• Ratification: 11-12-2024 (A)
• Entry into force: 11-12-2024
• Objections: No
• Reservations / Declarations: No

Party

Saudi Arabia added

• Ratification: 22-05-2024 (A)
• Entry into force: 22-05-2024
• Objections: No
• Reservations / Declarations: No

Party

San Marino added

• Ratification: 14-02-2023 (A)
• Entry into force: 14-02-2023
• Objections: No
• Reservations / Declarations: No

General information

• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Kingdom part

Netherlands (in Europe)

• Entry into force: 30-03-1967

Netherlands (Bonaire)

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Netherlands (Sint Eustatius)

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Netherlands (Saba)

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Aruba

• Entry into force: 01-01-1986

Curaçao

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Sint Maarten

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Party

Argentina

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 23-06-1961 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Australia

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 23-06-1961 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Austria

• Ratification: 25-08-1987 (A)
• Entry into force: 25-08-1987

Belarus

• Ratification: 27-12-2006 (A)
• Entry into force: 27-12-2006

Belgium

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 26-07-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Brazil

• Ratification: 16-05-1975 (A)
• Entry into force: 16-05-1975

Bulgaria

• Ratification: 11-09-1978 (A)
• Entry into force: 11-09-1978

Canada

• Ratification: 04-05-1988 (A)
• Entry into force: 04-05-1988

Chile

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 23-06-1961 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

China

• Ratification: 08-06-1983 (A)
• Entry into force: 08-06-1983
• Macao SAR
  Entry into force: 20-12-1999

Colombia

• Ratification: 31-01-1989 (A)
• Entry into force: 31-01-1989

Costa Rica

• Ratification: 11-08-2022 (A)
• Entry into force: 11-08-2022

Cuba

• Ratification: 16-08-1984 (A)
• Entry into force: 16-08-1984

Czech Republic

• Ratification: 01-01-1993 (Su)
• Entry into force: 01-01-1993

Czechoslovakia (<01-01-1993)

• Ratification: 14-06-1962 (A)
• Entry into force: 14-06-1962

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

• Ratification: 21-01-1987 (A)
• Entry into force: 21-01-1987

Denmark

• Ratification: 20-05-1965 (A)
• Entry into force: 20-05-1965

Ecuador

• Ratification: 15-09-1987 (A)
• Entry into force: 15-09-1987

Estonia

• Ratification: 17-05-2001 (A)
• Entry into force: 17-05-2001

Finland

• Ratification: 15-05-1984 (A)
• Entry into force: 15-05-1984

France

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 16-09-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Germany

• Ratification: 05-02-1979 (A)
• Entry into force: 05-02-1979

Greece

• Ratification: 08-01-1987 (A)
• Entry into force: 08-01-1987

Guatemala

• Ratification: 31-07-1991 (A)
• Entry into force: 31-07-1991

Hungary

• Ratification: 27-01-1984 (A)
• Entry into force: 27-01-1984

India

• Ratification: 19-08-1983 (A)
• Entry into force: 19-08-1983

Italy

• Ratification: 18-03-1981 (A)
• Entry into force: 18-03-1981

Japan

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 04-08-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Malaysia

• Ratification: 31-10-2011 (A)
• Entry into force: 31-10-2011

Monaco

• Ratification: 31-05-2008 (A)
• Entry into force: 31-05-2008

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the

• Ratification: 30-03-1967 (A)
• Entry into force: 30-03-1967
• Suriname (< 25-11-1975)
  Entry into force: 30-03-1967
  Termination: 25-11-1975

New Zealand

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 01-11-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Norway

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 24-08-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Pakistan

• Ratification: 01-03-2012 (A)
• Entry into force: 01-03-2012

Papua New Guinea

• Ratification: 16-03-1981 (Su)
• Entry into force: 16-09-1975

Peru

• Ratification: 10-04-1981 (A)
• Entry into force: 10-04-1981

Poland

• Ratification: 08-06-1961 (A)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Portugal

• Ratification: 29-01-2010 (A)
• Entry into force: 29-01-2010

Republic of Korea, the

• Ratification: 28-11-1986 (A)
• Entry into force: 28-11-1986

Russian Federation

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 02-11-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Slovakia

• Ratification: 01-01-1993 (Su)
• Entry into force: 01-01-1993

Slovenia

• Ratification: 22-04-2019 (A)
• Entry into force: 22-04-2019

South Africa

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 21-06-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Spain

• Ratification: 31-03-1982 (A)
• Entry into force: 31-03-1982

Sweden

• Ratification: 24-04-1984 (A)
• Entry into force: 24-04-1984

Switzerland

• Ratification: 15-11-1990 (A)
• Entry into force: 15-11-1990

Türkiye

• Ratification: 24-01-1996 (A)
• Entry into force: 24-01-1996

Ukraine

• Ratification: 28-10-1992 (A)
• Entry into force: 28-10-1992

United Kingdom

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 31-05-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

United States of America

• Signature: 01-12-1959
• Ratification: 18-08-1960 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-06-1961

Venezuela

• Ratification: 24-03-1999 (A)
• Entry into force: 24-03-1999

Romania

• Ratification: 15-09-1971 (A)
• Entry into force: 15-09-1971
• Objections: Yes
• Reservations / Declarations: No

• reservation
  15-09-1971
  The Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Romania states that the provisions of the first paragraph of the article XIII of the Antarctic Treaty are not in accordance with the principle according to which the multilateral treaties whose object and purposes are concerning the international community, as a whole, should be opened for universal participation.

Uruguay

• Ratification: 11-01-1980 (A)
• Entry into force: 11-01-1980
• Objections: Yes
• Reservations / Declarations: No

• reservation
  11-01-1980
  The Government of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay considers that, through its accession to the Antarctic Treaty signed at Washington (United States of America) on December 1, 1959, it helps to affirm the principles of using Antarctica exclusively for peaceful purposes, of prohibiting any nuclear explosion or radioactive waste disposal in this area, of freedom of scientific research in Antarctica in the service of mankind, and of international cooperation to achieve these objectives, which are established in said Treaty. Within the context of these principles Uruguay proposes, through a procedure based on the principle of legal equality, the establishment of a general and definitive statute on Antarctica in which, respecting the rights of States as recognized in international law, the interests of all States involved and of the international community as a whole would be considered equitably. The decision of the Uruguayan Government to accede to the Antarctic Treaty is based not only on the interest which, like all members of the international community, Uruguay has in Antarctica, but also on a special, direct, and substantial interest which arises from its geographic location, from the fact that its Atlantic coastline faces the continent of Antarctica, from the resultant influence upon its climate, ecology, and marine biology, from the historic bonds which date back to the first expeditions which ventured to explore that continent and its waters, and also from the obligations assumed in conformity with the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance which includes a portion of Antarctic territory in the zone described in Article 4, by virtue of which Uruguay shares the responsibility of defending the region. In communicating its decision to accede to the Antarctic Treaty, the Government of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay declares that it reserves its rights in Antarctica in accordance with international law.