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Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals

Date modified	Regarding
02-03-2026	Party
Toon meer van:Details Party Czech Republic modified added reservation 30-10-2024 [...] With its Note Verbale of 29 October 2024 regarding the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) of 23 June 1979, which was received on 30 October 2024, the Czech Republic informed the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, as Depositary in accordance with Article XX of the CMS, of the withdrawal of its reservations submitted with Note Verbale of 3 May 2024 with respect to the amendments to the CMS Appendices adopted at the Fourteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties. The withdrawal of the reservations submitted by the Czech Republic became effective at the end of the day on 8 January 2025 in accordance with Article XI, Paragraph 6, second sentence, of the CMS. [...]
08-07-2024	Party
Toon meer van:Details Party Czech Republic modified Reservations / Declarations: Yes added reservation Date unknown [...] With Note Verbale of 3 May 2024 the Czech Republic has informed the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany in its capacity as Depositary of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals of 23 June 1979 that it makes a reservation with respect to amendments to the appendices of the Convention. Pursuant to Article XI, paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Convention, the inclusions of species adopted on 17 February 2024 at the Conference of Parties to the Convention will not enter into force for the Czech Republic. [...]
20-10-2022	General information, Kingdom part, Party
Toon meer van:Details General information Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Kingdom part Netherlands (in Europe) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Netherlands (Bonaire) Entry into force: 10-10-2010 Netherlands (Sint Eustatius) Entry into force: 10-10-2010 Netherlands (Saba) Entry into force: 10-10-2010 Aruba Entry into force: 01-01-1986 Curaçao Entry into force: 10-10-2010 Sint Maarten Entry into force: 10-10-2010 Party Afghanistan Ratification: 19-05-2015 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2015 Albania Ratification: 21-06-2001 (A) Entry into force: 01-09-2001 Algeria Ratification: 14-09-2005 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-2005 Angola Ratification: 20-09-2006 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-2006 Antigua and Barbuda Ratification: 04-07-2007 (A) Entry into force: 01-10-2007 Armenia Ratification: 29-12-2010 (A) Entry into force: 01-03-2011 Austria Ratification: 21-04-2005 (A) Entry into force: 01-07-2005 Bahrain Ratification: 06-12-2021 (A) Entry into force: 01-03-2022 Bangladesh Ratification: 29-09-2005 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-2005 Belarus Ratification: 03-06-2003 (A) Entry into force: 01-09-2003 Belgium Ratification: 11-07-1990 (A) Entry into force: 01-10-1990 Benin Ratification: 14-01-1986 (A) Entry into force: 01-04-1986 Bosnia and Herzegovina Ratification: 08-09-2017 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-2017 Brazil Ratification: 02-07-2015 (A) Entry into force: 01-10-2015 Bulgaria Ratification: 30-08-1999 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1999 Burkina Faso Ratification: 09-10-1989 (A) Entry into force: 01-01-1990 Burundi Ratification: 18-04-2011 (A) Entry into force: 01-07-2011 Cabo Verde Ratification: 18-01-2006 (A) Entry into force: 01-04-2006 Cameroon Signature: 10-06-1980 Ratification: 07-09-1981 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Central African Republic Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 14-09-2018 (R) Entry into force: 01-12-2018 Chad Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 18-06-1997 (R) Entry into force: 01-09-1997 Chile Ratification: 15-09-1981 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 China Hong Kong SAR Entry into force: 01-07-1997 Cook Islands Ratification: 08-05-2006 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2006 Costa Rica Ratification: 25-05-2007 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2007 Côte d'Ivoire Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 23-04-2003 (R) Entry into force: 01-07-2003 Croatia Ratification: 03-07-2000 (A) Entry into force: 01-10-2000 Cyprus Ratification: 02-08-2001 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-2001 Czech Republic Ratification: 08-02-1994 (A) Entry into force: 01-05-1994 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ratification: 22-06-1990 (A) Entry into force: 01-09-1990 Djibouti Ratification: 01-08-2004 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-2004 Dominican Republic Ratification: 23-08-2017 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-2017 Ecuador Ratification: 21-11-2003 (A) Entry into force: 01-02-2004 Egypt Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 11-02-1982 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Equatorial Guinea Ratification: 19-05-2010 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2010 Eritrea Ratification: 24-11-2004 (A) Entry into force: 01-02-2005 Estonia Ratification: 09-07-2008 (A) Entry into force: 01-10-2008 Eswatini Ratification: 22-10-2012 (A) Entry into force: 01-01-2013 Ethiopia Ratification: 23-10-2009 (A) Entry into force: 01-01-2010 Fiji Ratification: 04-01-2013 (A) Entry into force: 01-04-2013 Finland Ratification: 03-10-1988 (A) Entry into force: 01-01-1989 Gabon Ratification: 23-05-2008 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2008 Gambia, The Ratification: 25-05-2001 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2001 Georgia Ratification: 06-03-2000 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-2000 Germany Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 31-07-1984 (R) Entry into force: 01-10-1984 Ghana Ratification: 19-01-1988 (A) Entry into force: 01-04-1988 Greece Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 29-07-1999 (R) Entry into force: 01-10-1999 Guinea Ratification: 21-05-1993 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-1993 Guinea-Bissau Ratification: 19-06-1995 (A) Entry into force: 01-09-1995 Honduras Ratification: 09-01-2007 (A) Entry into force: 01-04-2007 Hungary Ratification: 12-07-1983 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 India Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 04-05-1982 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Iran Ratification: 13-11-2007 (A) Entry into force: 01-02-2008 Iraq Ratification: 11-05-2016 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2016 Ireland Signature: 20-06-1980 Ratification: 05-08-1983 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Israel Ratification: 17-05-1983 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Italy Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 26-08-1983 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Jamaica Signature: 20-06-1980 Jordan Ratification: 21-12-2000 (A) Entry into force: 01-03-2001 Kazakhstan Ratification: 01-02-2006 (A) Entry into force: 01-05-2006 Kenya Ratification: 26-02-1999 (A) Entry into force: 01-05-1999 Kyrgyzstan Ratification: 20-02-2014 (A) Entry into force: 01-05-2014 Latvia Ratification: 26-04-1999 (A) Entry into force: 01-07-1999 Lebanon Ratification: 11-03-2019 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-2019 Liberia Ratification: 28-09-2004 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-2004 Libya Ratification: 25-06-2002 (A) Entry into force: 01-09-2002 Liechtenstein Ratification: 18-08-1997 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1997 Lithuania Ratification: 20-11-2001 (A) Entry into force: 01-02-2002 Luxembourg Signature: 23-06-1980 Ratification: 30-11-1982 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Madagascar Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 13-10-2006 (R) Entry into force: 01-01-2007 Malawi Ratification: 24-06-2019 (A) Entry into force: 01-09-2019 Maldives Ratification: 07-08-2019 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-2019 Mali Ratification: 20-07-1987 (A) Entry into force: 01-10-1987 Malta Ratification: 01-03-2001 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-2001 Mauritania Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 07-04-1998 (R) Entry into force: 01-07-1998 Moldova Ratification: 08-01-2001 (A) Entry into force: 01-04-2001 Monaco Ratification: 01-03-1993 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-1993 Mongolia Ratification: 24-08-1999 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1999 Montenegro Ratification: 09-12-2008 (A) Entry into force: 01-03-2009 Morocco Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 12-08-1993 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1993 Mozambique Ratification: 18-05-2009 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2009 Netherlands, the Kingdom of the Signature: 20-06-1980 Ratification: 05-06-1981 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 New Zealand Ratification: 07-07-2000 (A) Entry into force: 01-10-2000 Niger Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 03-07-1980 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Nigeria Ratification: 15-10-1986 (A) Entry into force: 01-01-1987 North Macedonia Ratification: 26-08-1999 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1999 Pakistan Ratification: 22-09-1987 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-1987 Palau Ratification: 22-11-2007 (A) Entry into force: 01-02-2008 Panama Ratification: 20-02-1989 (A) Entry into force: 01-05-1989 Paraguay Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 23-10-1998 (R) Entry into force: 01-01-1999 Peru Ratification: 20-03-1997 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-1997 Philippines Signature: 20-06-1980 Ratification: 15-11-1993 (R) Entry into force: 01-02-1994 Poland Ratification: 01-02-1996 (A) Entry into force: 01-05-1996 Portugal Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 21-01-1981 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Republic of the Congo Ratification: 01-10-1999 (A) Entry into force: 01-01-2000 Romania Ratification: 14-04-1998 (A) Entry into force: 01-07-1998 Rwanda Ratification: 07-03-2005 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-2005 Samoa Ratification: 31-08-2005 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-2005 São Tomé e Principe Ratification: 24-09-2001 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-2001 Saudi Arabia Ratification: 17-12-1990 (A) Entry into force: 01-03-1991 Senegal Ratification: 18-03-1988 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-1988 Serbia Ratification: 11-12-2007 (A) Entry into force: 01-03-2008 Seychelles Ratification: 26-05-2005 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-2005 Slovakia Ratification: 14-12-1994 (A) Entry into force: 01-03-1995 Slovenia Ratification: 20-11-1998 (A) Entry into force: 01-02-1999 Somalia Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 11-11-1985 (R) Entry into force: 01-02-1986 Spain Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 12-02-1985 (R) Entry into force: 01-05-1985 Sri Lanka Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 06-06-1990 (R) Entry into force: 01-09-1990 Sweden Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 09-06-1983 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Switzerland Ratification: 07-04-1995 (A) Entry into force: 01-07-1995 Tajikistan Ratification: 20-11-2000 (A) Entry into force: 01-02-2001 Tanzania Ratification: 23-04-1999 (A) Entry into force: 01-07-1999 Togo Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 09-11-1995 (R) Entry into force: 01-02-1996 Trinidad and Tobago Ratification: 28-09-2018 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-2018 Tunisia Ratification: 27-05-1987 (A) Entry into force: 01-08-1987 Turkmenistan Ratification: 20-10-2020 (A) Entry into force: 01-01-2021 Ukraine Ratification: 02-08-1999 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1999 United Arab Emirates Ratification: 01-02-2016 (A) Entry into force: 01-05-2016 Uruguay Ratification: 01-02-1990 (A) Entry into force: 01-05-1990 Uzbekistan Ratification: 12-06-1998 (A) Entry into force: 01-09-1998 Yemen Ratification: 30-09-2006 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-2006 Zimbabwe Ratification: 01-03-2012 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-2012 Argentina Ratification: 10-10-1991 (A) Entry into force: 01-01-1992 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: Yes reservation 19-10-1985 The Argentine Republic rejects the territorial application of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals signed in Bonn on 23 June 1979, which entered into force on 1 November 1983, to the Malvinas, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, which was notified by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Secretariat of the Convention on 23 July 1985 when it ratified this instrument, incorrectly designating these islands as the ‘Falkland Islands and Falkland dependencies’. The Argentine Republic reaffirms its sovereign rights over the islands in question, which are part of its national territory and concerning which there exists a sovereignty dispute, as recognised by Resolutions 2065, 3160, 31/49, 37/9, 38/12 and 39/6 of the General Assembly of the United Nations Organisation. objection to reservation Objection United Kingdom, 10-12-1985 The Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are British Dependent Territories. The British Government has no doubts about UK Sovereignity over them. The reference in the Secretariat's document is correct. reservation 10-10-1991 The Argentine Republic rejects the inclusion of the vicuña (Lama vicugna) in Appendix I of this Convention, on the grounds that this is not a migratory species. objection to reservation Objection United Kingdom, 12-03-1992 The British Government has noted that the Argentine instrument of accession contains the provision that the Republic of Argentina rejects the extension of the Convention by the United Kingdom of Great-Britain and Northern Ireland to include the Falkland Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The British Government rejects the assertions concerning these two British Dependent Territories made in the Argentine instrument. The Embassy notes that the Convention applies to these Territories by virtue of the British Government's extension which was effected on 23 June 1979. Australia Ratification: 26-06-1991 (A) Entry into force: 01-09-1991 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 26-06-1991 Australia has a federal constitutional system in which legislative, executive and judicial powers are shared or distributed between its central, State and Territory authorities. The implementation of the Convention throughout Australia will be effected by the Federal, State and Territory Goverments having regard to their respective constitutional powers and arrangements concerning their exercise. reservation 11-01-2015 Australia on 11 January 2015 notified that it makes a reservation to the inclusion to Appendix II of the Convention of the following species: Alopias superciliosus (Bigeye thresher shark), Alopias vulpinus (Common thresher shark), Alopias pelagicus (Pelagic thresher shark), Sphyrna lewini (Scalloped Hammerhead shark), Sphyrna mokarran (Great Hammerhead shark). reservation 15-01-2018 Australia made a reservation with respect to the inclusion of the following species in Appendix II to the Convention: Carcharhinus obscurus (Dusky shark) Prionace glauca (Blue shark) Rhynchobatus australiae (White-spotted wedgefish) Pursuant to Article XI, paragraph 6 of the Convention, the inclusion of the above-named species, adopted on 28 October 2017 on the occasion of the Conference of the Parties, shall not enter into force for Australia. reservation 04-05-2020 Australia made a reservation with respect to the inclusion of the following species in Appendix II to the Convention: Sphyrna zygaena (Smooth Hammerhead Shark) Galeorhinus galeus (Tope Shark). Pursuant to Article XI, paragraph 6 of the Convention, the inclusion of the above-named species, adopted on 22 February 2020 on the occasion of the Conference of the Parties, shall not enter into force for Australia. Bolivia Ratification: 16-12-2002 (A) Entry into force: 01-03-2003 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 16-12-2002 Lodges a reservation with regard to the inclusion of the Bolivian vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) in Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, because its population has increased from 1,097 in 1965 to 56,383, as recorded in the census conducted in 2001. Consequently, this species should only continue to be included in Appendix II of the Convention (CMS). Cuba Ratification: 06-11-2007 (A) Entry into force: 01-02-2008 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 06-11-2007 The Republic of Cuba has declared reservations to the Convention concerning 1. Chelonia Mydas (Green Turtle) 2. Caretta Caretta (Loggerhead) 3. Eretmochelys Imbricata (Hawksbill Turtle) Denmark Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 05-08-1982 (R) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No Faroes Entry into force: 07-04-1989 reservation 05-08-1982 The Convention does not apply to [...] Greenland. reservation 20-12-2002 The Government of Denmark hereby gives notification in accordance with Article XI, Section 5, of the Convention that it makes a reservation to the effect that the changes to Appendix I and Appendix II of the Convention concerning the whale species Balaenoptera bonaerensis - Antarctic Minke Whale (in Appendix II), Balaenoptera edeni - Bryde's Whale (in Appendix II), Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale (in Appendices I and II), Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale (in Appendices I and II), Capera marginata - Pygmy Right Whale (in Appendix II) and Physeter macrocephalus (syn. Catodon) - Sperm Whale (in Appendices I and II) do not apply to the Faroe Islands and their surrounding waters. The changes will equally not apply to Greenland and its surrounding waters by virtue of the territorial reservation made at the time of the deposit by the Government of Denmark of its instrument of ratification of the Convention in 1982. reservation 17-02-2006 Referring to Article XI, 5 in the Convention, Denmark hereby makes a territorial reservation to the listing of Basking Sharks with regards to the Faroe Islands. The authorities of the Faroe Islands are of the view that matters regarding conservation and management of fishery resources, including sharks, fall under the domain of relevant regional fishery management organisations, as for instance the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC), the North Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) and the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). On the basis of regional fishery resources, these organisations decide on matters regarding conservation and management at the regional level. Following a proposal by Denmark (in respect of the Faroe Islands and Greenland) NEAFC at its Annual Meeting in November 2005 made a recommendation, based upon available advice from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) prohibiting all directed fishing of Basking Shark in the NEAFC Convention Area in 2006 and asking Contracting Parties to furnish ICES with data, including fisheries data, which could enable ICES to further evaluate the state of the stock. reservation 23-05-2014 Reservation according to Article XI (6) of the Convention to the adoption of the orca and of the narwhale to Annex II of the Convention by the Third COP. EU (European Union) Ratification: 01-08-1983 (A) Entry into force: 01-11-1983 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 12-07-1983 The European Economic Community declares that its accession to the Convention does not apply to Greenland. reservation 01-03-2006 In accordance with Article XI of the CMS-Bonn Convention, an amendment to the Appendices shall enter into force for all Parties ninety days after the meeting of the Conference of the Parties at which it was adopted, except for those Parties, which make a reservation. The proposal for inclusion of Cetorhinus maximus in Appendix I of CMS-Bonn Convention, adopted at the last Conference of the Parties (COP8, November 2005) if accepted by the European Community, would require a change in EC law. Therefore, the European Community would like to hereby introduce a reservation on the inclusion of Cetorhinus maximus in Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. reservation 01-12-2009 According to Article 1 (3) of the Treaty on the European Union as amended by the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009 the European Union shall replace and succeed the European Community. reservation 28-01-2020 1. On 29 March 2017, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the "United Kingdom") notified the European Council of the United Kingdom's intention to withdraw from the European Union ("Union") and the European Atomic Energy Community ("Euratom") in accordance with Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. On 22 March 2019, the European Council decided in agreement with the United Kingdom to extend the period provided for in Article 50(3) of the Treaty on European Union until 12 April 2019. On 10 April 2019, the European Council decided in agreement with the United Kingdom to extend the period provided for in Article 50(3) of the Treaty on European Union until 31 October 2019. On 29 October 2019, the European Council decided in agreement with the United Kingdom to extend the period provided for in Article 50(3) of the Treaty on European Union until 31 January 2020. The United Kingdom will therefore cease to be a Member State of the European Union and of Euratom on 1 February 2020. 2. On 24 January 2020, the Union and Euratom, and the United Kingdom, in accordance with Article 50, paragraph 2, of the Treaty on European Union, signed an Agreement setting out the arrangements for the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and Euratom ("Withdrawal Agreement"). The Withdrawal Agreement will enter into force on 1 February 2020, subject to its prior ratification by the United Kingdom and conclusion by the Union and Euratom. 3. In order to address the specific situation of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and Euratom, the Withdrawal Agreement provides for a time-limited transition period during which, save certain very limited exceptions, Union law shall be applicable to and in the United Kingdom and that any reference to Member States in Union law, including as implemented and applied by Member States, shall be understood as including the United Kingdom. 4. The Union and Euratom, and the United Kingdom have agreed that Union law within the meaning of the Withdrawal Agreement encompasses international agreements concluded by the Union (or Euratom), or by Member States acting on behalf of the Union (or Euratom), or by the Union (or Euratom) and its Member States jointly. 5. Subject to timely ratification and conclusion of the Withdrawal Agreement, the Union and Euratom notify parties to the international agreements referred to in point 4 above that, during the transition period, the United Kingdom is treated as a Member State of the Union and of Euratom for the purposes of these international agreements. 6. It is understood that the principles set out in this note also extend to international instruments and arrangements without legally binding force entered into by the Union or Euratom and to international agreements referred to in point 4 above which are provisionally applied. 7. The provisions relating to the transition period are laid down in Part Four (Articles 126 to 132) of the Withdrawal Agreement, to be read in conjunction with the other relevant provisions of the Withdrawal Agreement, in particular its Part One. 8. The transition period starts on 1 February 2020 and ends on 31 December 2020, but the Withdrawal Agreement foresees the possibility of adopting a single decision extending the transition period for up to 24 months. In the event of an extension, the Union and Euratom will communicate this by a further Note Verbale. 9. At the end of the transition period, the United Kingdom will no longer be covered by the international agreements referred to in points 4 and 6 above. This is without prejudice to the status of the United Kingdom in relation to multilateral agreements to which it is a party in its own right. reservation 02-03-2020 […] the European Union informed the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, as Depositary in accordance with Article XX of the Convention, of the withdrawal of its reservation to the inclusion of the Cetorhinus maximus in Appendix I. The withdrawal of the reservation made by the European Union to the inclusion of the Cetorhinus maximus in Appendix I became effective as of 31 May 2020 in accordance with Article XI (6), sentence 2, of the Convention. France Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 23-04-1990 (R) Entry into force: 01-07-1990 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 23-04-1990 In depositing its instrument of ratification of this Convention, the Government of the French Republic lodges reservations concerning Appendix I: Interpretation and concerning the species Chelonia mydas (green turtle). Mauritius Ratification: 22-03-2004 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-2004 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 10-01-2020 [...] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade of the Republic of Mauritius [...] has the honour to register its strong objection against the extension by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory". The Government of the Republic of Mauritius considers that by extending these Agreements to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory", the United Kingdom purported to exercise sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago - a claim which is untenable under international law. The Government of the Republic of Mauritius wishes to reiterate in emphatic terms that it does not recognize the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory". The fact that the Chagos Archipelago is, and has always been, part of the territory of the Republic of Mauritius, and that the United Kingdom has never had sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago, has been authoritatively established by the International Court of Justice in its Advisory Opinion of 25 February 2019, on the Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965. In this authoritative legal determination, the Court declared that the decolonization of the Republic of Mauritius had not been lawfully completed in 1968, since the Chagos Archipelago had been unlawfully detached in 1965, in violation of the right of self-determination of peoples and the Charter of the United Nations, as applied and interpreted in accordance with UN General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, resolution 2066 (XX) of 16 December 1965, resolution 2232 (XXI) of 20 December 1966 and resolution 2357 (XXII) of 19 December 1967. Accordingly, it went on to hold that the United Kingdom's ongoing administration of the Chagos Archipelago, as the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory'", was an internationally wrongful act, of a continuing nature, that engaged the State responsibility of the United Kingdom. It determined that the United Kingdom is under a legal obligation to terminate its unlawful colonial administration "as rapidly as possible". The Court further determined that all UN Member States have an obligation to cooperate with the United Nations in facilitating the completion of the decolonization of the Republic of Mauritius as rapidly as possible, including an obligation not to support the continuing wrongful conduct of the United Kingdom in maintaining its colonial administration in the Chagos Archipelago. On 22 May 2019, the General Assembly, by an overwhelming majority of 116 votes to 6, adopted resolution 73/295. By this resolution, it endorsed the Court’s Advisory Opinion, affirmed that the Chagos Archipelago forms an integral part of the territory of the Republic of Mauritius, and demanded that the United Kingdom terminate its unlawful colonial administration within a maximum of six months, that is by no later than 22 November 2019. That deadline has now expired. Moreover, the General Assembly in its resolution called upon Member States to “cooperate with the United Nations to ensure the completion of the decolonization of Mauritius as rapidly as possible” and to refrain from conduct that might impede or delay the completion of decolonization. It further called upon the United Nations and all its specialized agencies to recognize that the Chagos Archipelago forms an integral part of the territory of the Republic of Mauritius, to support the decolonization of the Republic of Mauritius as rapidly as possible, and to refrain from impeding that process by recognizing the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory". Lastly, the resolution also called upon “all other international, regional and intergovernmental organizations, including those established by treaty,” to recognize that the Chagos Archipelago forms an integral part of the territory of the Republic of Mauritius, to support its speedy decolonization, and to "refrain from impeding that process" by recognizing the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory". The Republic of Mauritius has, over the years, consistently asserted, and hereby reasserts, its full sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago. The Government of the Republic of Mauritius therefore unequivocally protests against the extension by the United Kingdom of the Agreements listed at Annex to the so-called “British Indian Ocean Territory” and against the purported exercise by the United Kingdom of any sovereignty, rights or jurisdiction within the territory of the Republic of Mauritius. For the above stated reasons, which arise from established principles of international law as authoritatively interpreted and applied by the International Court of Justice and endorsed by the UN General Assembly, the Government of the Republic of Mauritius does not recognize the extension by the United Kingdom of the Agreements listed at Annex to the so-called “British lndian Ocean Territory”, reserves all its rights in this regard, and calls upon all States Parties to the Agreements listed at Annex to reject the United Kingdom's extension of these Agreements to the so-called “British Indian Ocean Territory”. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade of the Republic of Mauritius kindly requests that the present objection be duly recorded, circulated and registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations [...]. reservation 06-03-2020 The Government of the Republic of Mauritius maintains its strong objection to the United Kingdom’s extension of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory". The United Kingdom's response has no legal basis inasmuch as the Chagos Archipelago is and has always formed an integral part of the territory of the Republic of Mauritius, as authoritatively established by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in its Advisory Opinion of 25 February 2019 on the Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965. The Government of the Republic of Mauritius wishes to recall that the ICJ also concluded that the Chagos Archipelago was illegally excised by the United Kingdom from the territory of Mauritius prior to its accession to independence and that the continued administration of the Chagos Archipelago by the United Kingdom constitutes a wrongful act of a continuing character. The Court accordingly ruled that the United Kingdom is under an obligation to bring to an end its administration of the Chagos Archipelago as rapidly as possible. It follows that under international law, the Republic of Mauritius is the sole State lawfully entitled to exercise sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago. As such, the United Kingdom, which is an illegal colonial occupier, does not and cannot have sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago. In Resolution 73/295 of 22 May 2019, the UN General Assembly demanded that the United Kingdom withdraw its colonial administration from the Chagos Archipelago unconditionally by 22 November 2019, thereby enabling the Republic of Mauritius to complete the decolonization of its territory as rapidly as possible. The United Kingdom has failed to meet this deadline. The Government of the Republic of Mauritius therefore rejects the United Kingdom's response and reiterates its protest against the United Kingdom's extension of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory" and against the purported exercise by the United Kingdom of any sovereignty, rights or jurisdiction within the territory of the Republic of Mauritius. The Government of the Republic of Mauritius also renews its call upon all Contracting Parties to the Convention to reject the United Kingdom's extension of the Convention to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory". Norway Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 30-05-1985 (R) Entry into force: 01-08-1985 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 01-01-1989 Reservation in accordance with Article XI (6) of the Convention to the adoption of the white-beaked dolphin and of the Atlantic white-sided dolphin to Annex II of the Convention by the Second COP held from 10 to 14 October 1988 in Geneva. reservation 01-01-1992 Reservation in accordance with Article XI (6) of the Convention to the adoption of the orca and of the narwhale to Annex II of the Convention by the Third COP held from 9 to 13 September 1991 in Geneva. reservation 11-12-2002 The Government of Norway hereby lodges a formal reservation, in accordance with Article XI 6 of the Convention, against the amendments adopted at the seventh Conference of the Parties (COP7) held in Bonn, Germany, on 18-24 September 2002, regarding the inclusion of the following species in Appendices I and II of the Convention: Balaenoptera bonaerensis - Antarctic Minke Whale (in Appendix II) Balaenoptera edeni - Bryde's Whale (in Appendix II) Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale (in Appendices I and II) Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale (in Appendices I and II) Capera marginata - Pygmy Right Whale (in Appendix II) Physeter macrocephalus (syn. Catodon) - Sperm Whale (in Appendices I and II) Orcinus orca - Killer Whale (in Appendix II) Carcharodon carcharias - Great White Shark (in Appendices I and II). reservation 24-02-2006 The Conference of the Parties to the Convention of Migratory Species (CMS) at its 8th meeting in Nairobi, Kenya 21-25 November, accepted the inclusion in Appendix I (Article III: Endangered migratory species) and II (Article IV: Migratory species to be the Subject of Agreements) of the following species: Cetorhinus maximus (Basking shark) In accordance with Article X, paragraph 6 of the Convention, the Government of Norway hereby notifies the Government of Germany, Depositary Government of the Convention that it has decided to make a reservation to the inclusions mentioned above. With the respect to the inclusion in Appendix I and Appendix II of the above mentioned species, the Norwegian Government considers that the listing of this species does not comply with the criteria for species to be included in Appendix I and Appendix II of the Convention. Also, the Basking shark is within the purview of the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC), which at its 24th Annual Meeting recommended that no fishery should be undertaken in the Convention Area in 2006. The Commission also called for compilation of data to better assess stock status. The Norwegian Government will closely follow the work carried out in the NEAFC and FAO on this species. Based on the development of the on-going initiatives Norway may review its reservation of Basking shark in Appendix II of the CMS at a later stage. South Africa Ratification: 27-09-1991 (A) Entry into force: 01-12-1991 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 23-01-2018 The Republic of South Africa made a reservation with respect to the inclusion of the following species in Appendix II to the Convention: Giraffa camelopardalis (Giraffe) Panthera leo (Lion) Panthera pardus (Leopard) Prionace glauca (Blue Shark) Pursuant to Article XI, paragraph 6 of the Convention, the inclusion of the above-named species, adopted on 28 October 2017 on the occasion of the Conference of the Parties, shall not enter into force for the Republic of South Africa. Syria Ratification: 31-03-2003 (A) Entry into force: 01-06-2003 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 31-03-2003 Under no circumstances shall the accession of the Syrian Arab Republic to this Convention, as amended, imply recognition of Israel or occasion its entry with the latter into any of the transactions regulated by the provisions of the same, as amended. Uganda Signature: 22-06-1980 Ratification: 16-05-2000 (R) Entry into force: 01-08-2000 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No reservation 24-01-2018 The Republic of Uganda made a reservation with respect to the inclusion of the following species in the Appendices to the Convention: Chimpanzees Lions Leopards Giraffes Pursuant to Article XI, paragraph 6 of the Convention, the inclusion of the above-named species, adopted on 28 October 2017 on the occasion of the Conference of the Parties, shall not enter into force for the Republic of Uganda. United Kingdom Signature: 23-06-1979 Ratification: 23-07-1985 (R) Entry into force: 01-10-1985 Reservations / Declarations: Yes Objections: No Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus) Entry into force: 01-10-1985Bermuda Entry into force: 01-10-1985British Indian Ocean Territory Entry into force: 01-10-1985British Virgin Islands Entry into force: 01-10-1985Cayman Islands Entry into force: 01-10-1985Falkland Islands Entry into force: 01-10-1985Gibraltar Entry into force: 01-10-1985Guernsey Entry into force: 01-10-1985Hong Kong (< 01-07-1997) Entry into force: 01-10-1985Jersey Entry into force: 01-10-1985Man, Isle of Entry into force: 01-11-1992Montserrat Entry into force: 01-10-1985Pitcairn Islands Entry into force: 01-10-1985Saint-Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Entry into force: 01-10-1985Turks and Caicos Islands Entry into force: 01-10-1985 reservation 23-07-1985 [...] the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, having considered the Convention aforesaid, hereby confirm and ratify the same on behalf of [...] British Indian Ocean Territory[...]. reservation 11-02-2020 The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland presents its compliments to the Federal Foreign Office and has the honour to refer to a Note Verbale from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade of the Republic of Mauritius dated 10 January 2020 (1197/28). This concerns the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’s extension of the 1979 Convention for Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals to the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland rejects the claims contained in the Note Verbale of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade of the Republic of Mauritius. The United Kingdom has no doubt about its sovereignty over the territory of BIOT, which has been under continuous British sovereignty since 1814. Mauritius has never held sovereignty over the islands that now form BIOT and the United Kingdom does not recognise its claim. reservation 22-05-2020 […] the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland made a reservation with respect to the inclusion of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark (Carcharhinus Longimanus) in Appendix I to the Convention for the territories of Bermuda, Montserrat and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland further communicated its intention to implement the entire list of species adopted at COP 13 and to withdraw the reservation as soon as the implementing legislation is in place. Pursuant to Article XI, paragraph 6 of the Convention, the inclusion of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark (Carcharhinus Longimanus) in Appendix I, adopted on 22 February 2020 on the occasion of the Conference of the Parties, shall not enter into force for the territories of Bermuda, Montserrat and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

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